 |
| Reading Comprehension |
Effective Strategies for Mastering Reading Comprehension in UGC NET Paper 1
Introduction
Tips and Tricks to Solve Reading Comprehension
1. Preview the Passage:
Read the title, headings, and subheadings to get an overview. Look at any images or graphs provided. This helps you understand the main topic and structure.
2. Read the Questions First:
Skim through the questions to know what to focus on. Identify keywords that will guide your reading.
3. Read Actively:
While reading, underline or highlight key points. Pay attention to the introduction and conclusion for the main idea.
4. Take Notes:
Jot down key information, relationships, and any important details. Summarize each paragraph in a sentence or two.
5. Understanding Tone and Style:
Note the author's tone (informative, persuasive, etc.). Identify the writing style (formal, casual, technical).
6. Identify Main Ideas and Supporting Details:
Determine the primary purpose of the passage. Look for supporting evidence and examples.
7. Make Inferences: Connect information to draw logical conclusions. Infer the author's opinions or perspectives.
8. Consider Author's Purpose: Determine whether the author intends to inform, persuade, entertain, or analyze. Identify any biases or perspectives.
9. Be Mindful of Structure:
Note transitions between paragraphs. Understand how the passage is organized (chronological, cause and effect, etc.).
10. Time Management:
Allocate time wisely. Don't spend too much on one question. Keep an eye on the clock during the test.
11. Eliminate Wrong Answer Choices:
Cross out obviously incorrect options. Use the process of elimination to narrow down choices.
12. Refer Back to the Passage:
When in doubt, go back to the text to find the answer. Double-check your understanding of the passage.
13. Practice Regularly: Improve your reading speed and comprehension by practicing regularly. Use a variety of texts to expose yourself to different writing styles.
14. Vocabulary:
Enhance your vocabulary to grasp nuanced meanings. Pay attention to words that indicate relationships (e.g., cause, effect, contrast).
15. Stay Calm:
If a passage seems challenging, stay calm and focused. Don't let one difficult question affect your perspective.
 |
Read the following passage carefully and answer question numbers from 11 to 16:
In terms of labour, for decades the relatively low cost and high quality of Japanese workers conferred considerable competitive advantage across numerous durable goods and consumer-electronics industries (eg. Machinery, automobiles* televisions, radios). Then labour-based advantages shifted to South Korea, then to Malaysia, Mexico and other nations. Today, China appears to be capitalizing best on the basis of labour. Japanese firms still remain competitive in markets for such durable goods, electronics and other products, but the labour force is no longer sufficient for competitive advantage over manufacturers in other industrializing nations. Such shifting of labour-based advantage is clearly not limited to manufacturing industries. Today, a huge number of IT and service jobs are moving from Europe and North America to India, Singapore, and like countries with relatively well-educated, low-cost workforces possessing technical skills. However, as educational levels and technical skills continue to rise in other countries, India, Singapore, and like nations enjoying labour-based competitive advantage today are likely to find such advantage cannot be sustained through emergence of new competitors. hf terms of capital, for centuries the days of gold coins and later even paper money restricted financial flows. Subsequently regional concentrations were formed where large banks, industries and markets coalesced. But today capital flows internationally at rapid speed. Global commerce no longer requires regional interactions among business players. Regional capital concentrations in places such as New York, London and Tokyo still persist, of course, but the capital concentrated there is no longer sufficient for competitive advantage over other capitalists distributed worldwide. Only if an organization is able to combine, integrate and apply its resources (eg. Land, labour, capital, IT) in an effective manner that is not readily imitable by competitors can such an organization enjoy competitive advantage sustainable overtime.
In a knowledge-based theory of the firm, this idea is extended to view organizational knowledge as a resource with atleast the same level of power and importance as the traditional economic inputs. An organization with superior knowledge can achieve competitive advantage in markets that appreciate the application of such knowledge. Semiconductors, genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, software, military warfare, and like knowledge-intensive competitive arenas provide both time-proven and current examples. Consider semiconductors (e.g. computer chips), which are made principally of sand and common metals. These ubiquitous and powerful electronic devices are designed within common office buildings, using commercially available tools, and fabricated within factories in many industrialized nations. Hence, land is not the key competitive resource in the semiconductor industry.
Based on the passage answer the following questions:
11. Which country enjoyed competitive advantages in automobile industry for decades ?
(1) South Korea (2) Japan
(3) Mexico (4) Malaysia
12. Why labour-based competitive advantages of India and Singapore cannot be sustained in IT and service sectors ?
(1) Due to diminishing levels of skill.
(2) Due to capital-intensive technology making inroads.
(3) Because of new competitors.
(4) Because of shifting of labour-based advantage in manufacturing industries.
13. How can an organization enjoy competitive advantage sustainable overtime ?
(1) Through regional capital flows.
(2) Through regional interactions among business players.
(3) By making large banks, industries and markets coalesced.
(4) By effective use of various instrumentalists.
14. What is required to ensure competitive advantages in specific markets ?
(1) Access to capital (2) Common office buildings (3) Superior knowledge (4) Common metals
15. The passage also mentions about the trend of
(1) Global financial flow
(2) Absence of competition in manufacturing industry
(3) Regionalisation of capitalists
(4) Organizational incompatibility
16. What does the author lay stress on in the passage ?
(1) International commerce (2) Labour-intensive industries
(3) . Capital resource management (4) Knowledge-driven competitive advantage
DEC 2022
Read the following passage carefully and answer question numbers 13 to 17.
I did that thing recently where you have to sign a big card – which is a horror unto itself, especially as the keeper of the Big Card was leaning over me at the time. Suddenly I was on the spot, a rabbit in the headlights, torn between doing a fun message or some sort of in-joke or a drawing. Instead overwhelmed by the myriad options available to me, I decided lo just write : “Good luck, best, Joel”.
It was then that I realised, to my horror, that 1 had forgotLen how to write. Mv entire existence is “tap letters into computer”. My shopping lists are hidden in the notes function of my phone. If I need to remember somelhing 1 send an e-mail to myself. A pen is something I chew when I’m struggling to think. Paper is something I pile beneath my laptop to make it a more comfortable height for me to type on.
A poll of 1,000 teens by the stationers, Bic found that one in 10 don’t own a pen, a third have never written a letter, and half of 13 to 19 years – old have never been forced to sit down and write a thank you letter. More than 80% have never written a love letter, 56% don’t have letter paper at home. And a quarter have never known the unique torture of writing a birthday card. The most a teen ever has to use a pen is on an exam paper.
Bic, have you heard of mobile phones ? Have you heard of e-mail, lacebook and snap chatting ? This is the future. Pens are dead. Paper is dead. Handwriting is a relic.
“Handwriting is one of the most creative outlets we have and should be given the same importance as other art forms such as sketching, painting or photography.”
Answer the following questions :
13. When confronted with signing a big card, the author felt like “a rabbit in the headlight”. What does this phrase mean ?
(1) A slate of confusion (2) A state of pleasure
(3) A state of anxiety (4) A state of pain
14. According to the author, which one is not the most creative outlet of pursuit ?
(I) Handwriting (2) Photography
(3) Sketching (4) Reading
15. The entire existence of the author revolves round :
(a) Computer
(b) Mobile phone
(c) Typewrite?
Identify the correct answer from the codes given below :
(1) (b) only (2) (a) and (b) only
(3) (a), (b) and (c) (4) (b) and (c) only
16. How many teens, as per the Bic survey, do not own a pen ?
(1) 800 (2) 560 (3) 500 (4) 100
17. What is the mam concern of the author ?
(1) That the teens use social networks for communication.
(2) that the teens use mobile phones.
(3) That the teens use computer.
(4) That the teens have forgotten the art of handwriting.
JUNE 2014
Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 20 to 24 :
Traditional
Indian Values must be viewed both from the angle of the individual and from that of the geographically delimited agglomeration of peoples or groups enjoying a common system of leadership which we call the ‘State’, The Indian ‘State’s’ special feature is the peaceful, or perhaps mostly peaceful, co-existence of social groups of various historical provenances which mutually adhere in a geographical, economic, and political sense, without ever assimilating to each other in social terms, in ways of thinking, or even in language. Modern Indian law will determine certain rules, especially in relation to the regime of the family, upon the basis of how the loin-cloth is tied, or how the turban is worn, for this may identify the litigants as members
of a regional group, and therefore as participants in its traditional law, though their ancestors left the region three or four centuries earlier. The use of the word ‘State’ above must not mislead us. There was no such thing as a conflict between the individual and the State, atleast before foreign governments became established, just as there was no concept of state ‘sovereignty’ or of any church-and-state dichotomy.
Modern Indian ‘secularism’ has an admittedly peculiar feature : It requires the state to make a fair distribution of attention and support amongst all religions. These blessed aspects of India’s famed tolerance (Indian kings so rarely persecuted religious groups that the exceptions prove the rule) at once struck Portuguese and other European visitors to the West Coast of India in the sixteenth century, and the impression made upon them in this and other ways gave rise, at one remove, to the basic constitution of Thomas More’s Utopia. There is little about modern India that strikes one at once as Utopian : but the insistence upon the inculcation of norms, and the absence of bigotry and institutionalized exploitation of human or natural resources, are two very different features which link the realities of India and her tradition with the essence of all Utopians.
(A) Indian tradition of religious tolerance.
(B) Persecution of religious groups by Indian rulers.
(C) Social inequality in India.
(D) European perception of Indian State.
21. What is the striking feature of modern India ?
(A) A replica of Utopian State
(B) Uniform laws
(C) Adherence to traditional values
(D) Absence of Bigotry
22. Which of the following is a special feature of the Indian State ?
(A) Peaceful co-existence of people under a common system of leadership
(C) Social integration of all groups
(D) Cultural assimilation of all social groups.
23. The author uses the word ‘State’ to highlight
(A) Antagonistic relationship between the state and the individual throughout the period of history.
(B) Absence of conflict between the state and the individuals upto a point in time.
(C) The concept of state sovereignty.
(D) Dependence on religion.
24. Which one is the peculiar feature of modern Indian ‘Secularism’ ?
(A) No discrimination on religious considerations
(B) Total indifference to religion
(C) No space for social identity
(D) Disregard for social law
December 2013
Read the following passage carefully and answer questions 15 to 20 :
Heritage conservation practices improved worldwide after the International Center for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) was established with UNESCO’s assistance in 1959. The inter-governmental organization with 126 member states has done a commendable job by training more than 4,000 professionals, providing practice standards, and sharing technical expertise. In this golden jubilee year, as we acknowledge its key role in global conservation, an assessment of international practices would be meaningful to the Indian conservation movement. Consistent investment, rigorous attention, and dedicated research and dissemination are some of the positive lessons to imbibe. Countries such as Italy have demonstrated that prioritizing heritage with significant budget provision pays. On the other hand, India, which is no less endowed in terms of cultural capital, has a long wav to go. Surveys indicate that in addition to the 6,600 protected monuments, there are over 60,000 equally valuable heritage structures that await attention. Besides the small group in the service of Archaeological Survey of India, there are only about 150 trained conservation professionals. In order to overcome this severe shortage the emphasis has been on setting up dedicated labs and training institutions. It would make much better sense for conservation to be made part of mainstream research and engineering institutes, as has been done in Europe.Increasing funding and building institutions are the relatively easy part.The real challenge is to redefine international approaches to address local contexts. Conservation cannot limit itself to enhancing the art-historical value of the heritage structures, which international charters perhaps over emphasize. The effort has to be broad-based : It must also serve as a means to improving the quality of life in the area where the heritage structures are located. The first task therefore is to integrate conservation efforts with sound development plans that take care of people living in the heritage vicinity. Unlike in western countries, many traditional building crafts survive in India, and conservation practices offer an avenue to support them. This has been acknowledged by the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage charter for conservation but is yet to receive substantial state support. More strength for heritage conservation can be mobilized by aligning it with the green building movement. Heritage structures are essentially Eco-friendly and conservation could become a vital part of the sustainable building practices campaign in future.15. The outlook for conservation heritage changed
(B) after training the specialists in the field.
(C) after extending UNESCO’s assistance to the educational institutions.
(D) after ASI’s measures to protect the monuments
16. The inter-govemment organization was appreciated because of
(A) increasing number of members to 126.
(B) imparting training to professionals and sharing technical expertise.
(C) consistent investment in conservation.
(D) its proactive role in renovation and restoration
17. Indian conservation movement will be successful if there would be
(A) Financial support from the Government of India.
(B) Non-governmental organizations role and participation in the conservation movement.
(D) Archaeological Survey of India’s meaningful assistance.
18. As per the surveys of historical monuments in India, there is very small number of protected monuments. As per given the total number of monuments and enlisted number of protected monuments, percentage comes to
(A) 10 percent (B) 11 percent (C) 12 percent (D) 13 percent
19. What should India learn from Europe to conserve our cultural heritage ?
(i) There should be significant budget provision to conserve our cultural heritage.
(ii) Establish dedicated labs and training institutions.
(iii) Force the government to provide sufficient funds.
(iv) Conservation should be made part of mainstream research and engineering institutes.
Choose correct answer from the codes given below:
(A) (i) (ii), (iii ,(iv)
(B) (i). (ii) (iv)
(C) (i), (ii)
(D) (i), (iii), (iv)
.png "IGNOU-solved-assignment") |
| IGNOU solved assignment |
Read more:
IGNOU-free-solved-assignment MES042
IGNOU-free-solved-assignment MES101
IGNOU-free-solved-assignment MES102
IGNOU-free-solved-assignment MES103
IGNOU-free-solved-assignment MES104
IGNOU-free-solved-assignment MES131
IGNOU-free-solved-assignment MES041
If you want more solved assignment click here with assignment code 👍🏻👍🏻📝📝📕📕